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 Drawing by Corrine, age 11
PART 1 * INTRODUCTION
Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Dealing with Multi-Victim,
Multi-Offender Child Abuse Cases. Final Report of a Two-Day Consultation.
Toronto: October 28-30,1992.
Rogers, Rix. Reaching for Solutions. The Report of the Special Advisor
to the Minister of National Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse
in Canada. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
Steed, Judy. Our Little Secret: Confronting Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. Toronto: Random House, 1994.
PART 2 * BASIC FACTS ABOUT CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Badgley, Robin et al. Sexual Offences Against Children and Youth.
[Ottawa]:
Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1984.
Bagley, Christopher and Ray Thomlison. Child Sexual Abuse: Critical
Perspectives in Prevention, Intervention and Treatment. Toronto: Wall,
1991.
Bala, Nicholas. Bill C-15: New Protections for Children - New Challenges
for Professionals. Toronto: Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse,
1988.
Bass, Ellen and Laura Davis. The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women
Survivors of ChildSexual Abuse. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
British Columbia. Ministry of Health. Child and Youth Mental Health
Services. Dimensions of Multiple Victim Child Sexual Abuse in British
Columbia, 1985-1989. [Victoria]: Ministry of Health, 1991.
British Columbia. Social Planning and Research Council. Child Sexual
Abuse Response System Network Mapping Project: A Guidebook and Analysis
Based on Three BC Communities. Vancouver: SPARC, 1993.
Butler, Sandra. Conspiracy of Silence: The Trauma of Incest. Volcano,
California: Volcano Press, 1985.
Canada. Department of Health and Welfare. Child Sexual Abuse: StrengtheningCommunity
Response - Guidelines for Community Workers. [Ottawa]: Department of
Supply and Services Canada, 1989.
Canada. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Adolescent Sexual
Offenders: A Tracking Study. Fact Sheet. [Ottawa]: Department
of Health and Welfare Canada, January, 1990.
________________ , Child Sexual Abuse Overview: A Summary of 26 LiteratureReviews
and Special Projects. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada,
1991.
Canadian Panel on Violence Against Women. Changing the Landscape:
Ending Violence ---- Achieving Equality. Executive
Summary. National Action Plan. [Ottawa]: Canadian Panel on Violence
Against Women, 1993.
Corwin, David et al. "Child Sexual Abuse and Custody Disputes: No Easy
Answers." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1987.
Elliott, Michele. Female Sexual Abuse of Children: The Ultimate Taboo.
London:
Longman, UK, 1993.
Finkelhor, David Child Sexual Abuse. New Theory and Research. New
York. Free Press, 1984.
_____________"New Myths About Child Sexual Abuse." An address presented
at the
Symposium on Child Sexual Abuse sponsored by RIFAS. Ottawa,
May 24-25, 1987. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Department
of Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.
Grayson, Joanne. "Female Sexual Offenders." Reprinted in Interchange.
Denver:
The C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of
Child Abuse and Neglect, June 1989.
Harvey, Wendy. Sexual Offences Against Children and the Criminal
Process. Toronto: Butterworths, 1993.
Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books,
1992.
Hindman, Jan. Just Before Dawn. AlexAndria Associates, 1989.
Horton, Anne. The Incest Perpetrator.- A Family Member No
One Wants to Treat. Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1990.
Jeffrey, Diana and Laurie Woods. "Sexual Abuse Allegations in Custody
and Visitation Cases."
Youth Law News, September/ October, 1989.
Kean, Darrel. Family Violence. Women, Children, Seniors and Persons
with Disabilities. An Annotated Bibliography for Police. The CACP National
Police Prevention of Family Violence Training Subcommittee. [Ottawa]: Department
of the Solicitor General, July 1993.
Langevin, Ron. Sex Offenders and Their Victims. Juniper Press,
1991.
Lew, Mike. Victims No Longer: Men Recovering From Incest and Other
Sexual Child Abuse. New York: Harper Collins, 1988.
Marshall, Dr. W.L. and Sylvia Barrett. Criminal Neglect.- Why Sex
Offenders Go Free. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1990.
Mathews, Frederick and L. Stermac. Adolescent Sex Offenders: A Tracking
Study. Toronto: Central Toronto Youth Services, 1989.
McEvoy, Maureen. Let the Healing Begin: Breaking the Cycle of Child
Sexual Abuse in Our Communities. Merritt, B.C.: Nicola Valley Institute
of Technology, 1990.
Murray, Kathleen and David Gough. Intervening in Child Sexual Abuse.
Papers
presented at a conference held in Glasgow in June 1988. Edinburgh: Scottish
Academic Press, 1991.
Rieser, Margaret. "Recantation in Child Sexual Abuse Cases." Child
Welfare, Vol. 70, No. 6,1991.
Rivera, Margot. Multiple Personality: An Outcome of Child Abuse.
Toronto:
Education/Dissociation, 1992.
Robin, Michael. Assessing Child Maltreatment Reports: The Problem
of False Allegations. New York: Haworth, 1991.
Rix. Rogers, Reaching for Solutions. The Report of the Special Advisor
to the Minister ofNational Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
Rush, Florence. The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
Russell, Diana E.H. The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls
and Women. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Sas, Louise Dezwirek. Three Years After the Verdict: A Longitudinal
Study of the Social and Psychological Adjustment of Child Witnesses
Referred to the Child Witness Project. London: London Family Court
Clinic, 1993.
Schmolka, Vicki. Is Bill C-15 Working? An Overview of the Research
on the Effects of the 1988 Child Sexual Abuse Amendments. [Ottawa]:
Department of Justice, 1992.
Steed, Judy. Our Little Secret: Confronting Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. Toronto: Random House, 1994.
Thomlison, Ray. A Review of Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Outcome
Research. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Department
of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Trocmé, Nico. Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse
and Neglect. Final Report. Toronto: The Institute for the Prevention
of Child Abuse, 1994.
Trute, Barry et al. Coordinating Child Sexual Abuse Services in Rural
Communities. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Vella, Susan. "False Memory Syndrome: Therapists are the Targets in
New Sexual Assault Defence Theory." The National, Canadian Bar Association,
January/ February 1994.
Wachtel, Andy. The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse in Developmental
Perspective: A Model and Literature Review. [Ottawa]: National
Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Department of Health and Welfare Canada,
1988.
Wells, Mary. Canada's Law on Child Sexual Abuse. [Ottawa]: Department
of justice Canada, 1990.
Wolfe, David. "The Dimensions of Multiple Victim Child Sexual Abuse:
Implications for Practice and Prevention." IPCA Research Connection,
No.1,
July. Toronto: Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse, 1992.
Women's Research Centre. Recollecting Our Lives: Women's Experience
of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers,
1989.
Wurtele, Sandy and Cindy Miller-Perrin. Preventing Child Sexual Abuse:
Sharing theResponsibility. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
Yuille, John et al. Child Victims and Witnesses: The Social Science
and Legal Literatures. [Ottawa]: Department of Justice, 1988.
PART 3 * THE PRESCOTT STORY: BACKGROUND
Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Dealing with Multi-Victim,
Multi-Offender Child Abuse Cases. Final Report of a Two-Day
Consultation. Toronto: October 28-30,1992.
Peters, James. "Guidelines for responding to major multi-victim sexual
abuse cases." Presented at Ritual Abuse: Fact or Fiction? A conference
given by The Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Aylmer, Quebec:
May 29-30,1989.
Roberts, Julian. Responding to Child Sexual Abuse: The Prescott Experience.
A
Final Report on the Prescott Child Sexual Abuse Project. Brockville: Children's
Services Advisory Committee, 1993.
Sneddon, Gordon and Linda Maxwell. "Disclosures, Allegations and Indicators
Characterizing Ritual Child Abuse Cases." Paper presented at Ritual
Abuse: Fact or Fiction? A conference given by the Institute
for the Prevention of Child Abuse at the Ontario Police College. (Aylmer,
Quebec: May 29-30, 1989).
Steed, Judy. Our Little Secret: Confronting Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. Toronto: Random House, 1994.
PART 4 * LESSONS FROM PRESCOTT:
WHAT WE LEARNED FROM OUR EXPERIENCE WITH A MULTI-VICTIM CHILD
SEXUAL ABUSE CASE
SECTION I * INVESTIGATION, PROSECUTION, TREATMENT AND SUPPORT
Organizing a Community Response
Canada. Department of Health and Welfare. Child Sexual Abuse: StrengtheningCommunity
Response - Guidelines for Community Workers. [Ottawa]: Department of
Supply and Services Canada, 1989.
Canadian Panel on Violence Against Women. The Community Kit. [Ottawa]:
Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1993.
Hindman, Jan. Just Before Dawn. AlexAndria Associates, 1989.
Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Dealing with Multi-Victim,
Multi-Offender Child Abuse Cases. Final Report of a Two-Day
Consultation, Toronto, October 28-30,1992.
Interdisciplinary Project on Domestic Violence. The Mountain and
Beyond: Resources for a Collaborative Approach to Domestic Violence.
Ottawa:
Interdisciplinary Project on Domestic Violence, January 1993.
Peters, James. "Guidelines for responding to major multi-victim sexual
abuse cases." Presented at Ritual Abuse: Fact or Fiction? A conference
given by the Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Aylmer, Ontario:
May 29-30,1989.
Roberts, Julian. Responding to Child Sexual Abuse: The Prescott Experience.
A
Final Report on the Prescott Child Sexual Abuse Project. Brockville: Children's
Services Advisory Committee, 1993.
Trute, Barry et al. Coordinating Child Sexual Abuse Services
in Rural Communities. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Handling the Media
Bernstein, Alan B. The Emergency Public Relations Manual. New
Brunswick: PACE incorporated, 1981.
Mindszenthy, Bart D."Preparation and Process: Key Factors in Successful
Crisis Management." Toronto: C.I.L. Canada, n. d.
Mindszenthy, Bart et al. Crisis Communications Manual. Toronto:
C.I.L Canada. n. d.
Scanlon, Joseph et al. Coping with the Media in Disasters:
Some Predictable Problems. Ottawa: Emergency Communications Research
Unit, Carleton University Press, 1985.
Handling a Joint Child Welfare/Police Investigation and Prosecution
Bessner, Rhonda. Report on Child Witnesses. Toronto: Ontario
Law
Reform Commission, 1991.
Browning, Rick and Rick Morris. Victim/Witness Support Services For
Multiple Child Sexual Abuse Court Trials. The Mount Cashel Experience.
St. John's: Institute for Human Resource Development, 1993.
Canada. Department of Health and Welfare. Health Care Related to
Abuse, Assault, Neglect and Family Violence: Guidelines. [Ottawa]:
Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1989.
Coolbear, Jennifer. Credibility of Young Children in Sexual Abuse
Cases: Assessment Strategies of Legal and Human Service Professionals.
Old
Chelsea: Canadian Psychological Association, 1992.
Harvey, Wendy. Sexual Offences Against Children and the Criminal
Process. Toronto: Butterworths, 1993.
Harvey, Wendy and Anne Watson-Russell. So, You Have to Go to Court!
Vancouver:
Butterworths, 1988.
Hindman, Jan. Step by Step: Sixteen Steps Toward Legally Sound Sexual
Abuse Investigations. Boise, Idaho: AlexAndria Associates. 1987.
Hunter, Robin et al. A Coordinated Approach to Interviewing in Child
Sexual AbuseInvestigations. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family
Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada. Reprinted from Canada's
Mental Health, 1992.
Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse. Dealing with Multi-Victim,
Multi-Offender Child Abuse Cases. Final Report of a Two-Day
Consultation, Toronto, October 28-30,1992.
Lamb, Nancy and Bill Hart. Pointers on Multi-Victim, Multi-Perpetrator
Cases. American Prosecutors Research Institute, 1992. Available from:
202 East Colonial Avenue, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, 27909.
Ontario Medical Association. Recognition and Assessment o the Sexually
Abused Child.Guidelines for Physicians. Toronto: Ontario Medical Association,
1990.
Ontario. Ministry of Community and Social Services. Revised Standards
for the Investigation and Management of Child Abuse Cases by the
Children's Aid Societies under the Child and Family Services Act.
Toronto:
Ministry of Community and Social Services, 1992.
Ontario. Ministry of Education. Child Sexual Abuse Protocol: Guidelines
and Procedures for a Coordinated Response to Child Sexual Abuse
in Metropolitan Toronto. [Toronto]: Ministry of Education, 1986.
Pagnello, Rocci. "Managing in a Child Welfare Fishbowl". Unpublished
article, June 1992. Available from: Rocci Pagnello at Family and Children's
Services, 438 Laurier Blvd, Brockville, Ontario, K6V 6C5. Telephone: (613)498-2100.
Roberts, Julian. Responding to Child Sexual Abuse: The Prescott Experience.
A
Final Report on the Prescott Child Sexual Abuse Project. Brockville: Children's
Services Advisory Committee, 1993.
Roeher Institute. No More Victims: A manual to guide the police in
addressing the sexual abuse of people with a mental handicap. North
York, Ontario: Roeher Institute, 1992.
Rogers, Rix. Reaching for Solutions. The Report of the Special Advisor
to the Minister ofNational Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
Sas, Louise Dezwirek. Three Years After the Verdict: A Longitudinal
Study of the Social and Psychological Adjustment of Child Witnesses
Referred to the Child Witness Project. London: London Family Court
Clinic, 1993.
Steed, Judy. Our Little Secret: Confronting Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. Toronto: Random House, 1994.
Wells, Mary. Guidelines for Investigative Interviews of Child Victims
of Sexual Abuse. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence,
Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.
Yuille, John. Training Programs and Procedures for Interviewing and
Assessing SexuallyAbused Children: A Review and Annotated Bibliography.
[Ottawa]:
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare
Canada, 1990.
___________ , "The Systematic Assessment of Children's Testimony," CanadianPsychology,
Vol.
29,1988.
Yuille, John et al. Child Victims and Witnesses: The Social Science
and Legal Literatures. [Ottawa]: Department of justice, 1988.
Providing Treatment and Support
Canada. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Treatment Programs
for Child Sexual Abuse Victims in Canada. A Selected Inventory
of Integrated Programs that have been Evaluated.
Canada. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. From Victim to
Survivor: A Group Treatment Model for Women Survivors of Incest,
[Ottawa]:
Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1993.
Crowder, Adrienne. Opening the Door: A Treatment Model for Therapy
with Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse. Waterloo: Family and Children's
Services of the Waterloo Region, 1993.
Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books,
1992.
Hindman, Jan. Just Before Dawn. AlexAndria Associates, 1989.
Horton, Anne. The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants
to Treat. A Newbury Park, California: Sage. 1990.
Penticton and District Community Resources Centre. Foster Parents
Training ResourceMaterials. Penticton, B.C.: 1988.
Ryerse, Catherine M. National Inventory of Treatment Programs for
Child Sexual AbuseOffenders. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family
Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1993.
Sgroi, Suzanne. Vulnerable Populations: Sexual Abuse Treatment for
Children, Adult Survivors, Offenders, and Persons with Disabilities.
Vol.
2. New York: Lexington Books, 1989.
Sinason, Valerie, ed. Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse. London:
Routledge, 1994.
Steed, Judy. Our Little Secret: Confronting Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. Toronto: Random House, 1994.
Thomlison, Ray. J. A Review of Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Outcome
Research. 19 [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department
of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Tolman, Sherri. Professional Training in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention
and Treatment. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence,
Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Wachtel, Andy. The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse in Developmental
Perspective: A Model and Literature Review. [Ottawa]: National
Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada,
1988.
SECTION 11 * MEETING COMMUNITY NEEDS
Helping a Community Heal and Prevent Future Abuse in the Context
of a Crisis
Canada. Department of National Health and Welfare. Personal Services:
Psychosocial Planning for Disasters. [Ottawa]: Supply and Services
Canada, 1990.
Council of National Youth-Serving Organizations and the Canadian Council
on Children and Youth. Put the Child First. A Handbook about Child Abuse
for Volunteers and Youth Leaders in Youth-Serving Organizations.
Ottawa:
Canadian Council on Children and Youth, 1989.
Ferguson, H. Bruce and Sandy Mendelson-Ages. Evaluating Child Sexual
Abuse Prevention Programs. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse
on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Graham, Linda and Marilyn Harris-Hart. Child Sexual Abuse Prevention
Programs: The Existing Network of Consultations, Conferences and
Meetings: Research, Studies and Resource Material.
[Ottawa]:
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Department of Health and Welfare
Canada, 1988.
Kuebler-Ross, Elisabeth. On Death and Dying. New York: Collier,
1970.
Nelson, Mary and Kay Clark. T7te Educator's Guide to Preventing Child
Sexual Abuse. Santa Cruz: Network Publications, 1986.
O'Brien, John et al., editors. What Can We Count on to Make and Keep
People Safe? Perspectives on creating effective safeguards for people with
developmental disabilities. Perspectives on Community Building Discussion
Papers. Lithonia, Georgia: Responsive Systems Associates, January, 1990.
Roberts, Julian. Responding to Child Sexual Abuse: 7he Prescott Experience.
A
Final Report on the Prescott Child Sexual Abuse Project. Brockville: Children's
Services Advisory Committee, 1993.
Rogers, Rix. Reaching for Solutions. 7he Report of the Special Advisor
to the Minister ofNational Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
Shannon and McCall Consulting Ltd. Child Sexual Abuse: Problems,
Perspectives andPrograms for Schools in the 1990s: A Guide for School Administrators.
Ottawa:
Canadian Association of Principals, 1991.
Wurtele, Sandy and Cindy Miller-Perrin. Preventing Child Sexual Abuse:
Sharing the Responsibility. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,
1992.
Helping Adult Survivors
Bass, Ellen and Laura Davis. The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women
Survivors of ChildSexual Abuse. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.
Butler, Sandra. Conspiracy of Silence: The Trauma of Incest. Volcano,
California: Volcano Press, 1985.
Canada. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. From Victim to
Survivor: A Group Treatment Model for Women Survivors of Incest.
[Ottawa]:
Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1993.
Edwards, Tess and Mary D., Hope in Healing.- A Booklet for Survivors
of Childhood SexualAbuse by Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Toronto:
Source RE Source, 1994. For a copy, send a large self-addressed stamped
envelope and a cheque for $10. to: Source RE Source, 998 Bloor St W., Box
No. 10546, Toronto, Ontario, M6H 4H9.
Herman, Judith Lewis. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books,
1992.
Russell, Diana E.H. The Secret Trauma: Incest in the Lives of Girls
and Women. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Women's Research Centre. Recollecting Our Lives: Women's Experience
of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers,
1989.
Dealing With Perpetrators
Bellamy, Donald F. Child Abuse Prevention Project. A Directory of
Treatment Resources inOntario for the Adult Male Offender. [Ottawa]:
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare
Canada, 1988.
Canada. Department of Health. Information Systems on Child Sex Offenders:
A Discussion Paper. [Ottawa]: Supply and Services Canada, 1994.
Canada. National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Adolescent Sexual
Offenders: A TrackingStudy. Fact Sheet. [Ottawa]: Department of Health
and Welfare Canada, January, 1990.
Gilby, Rhonda et al. "Mentally Retarded Adolescent Sex Offenders: A
Survey and Pilot Study."
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Volume
34, August 1989.
Grayson, Joanne. "Female Sexual Offenders." Reprinted in Interchange.
Denver:
The C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention and Treatment of
Child Abuse and Neglect, June 1989.
Horton, Anne. The Incest Perpetrator: A Family Member No One Wants
to Treat.Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1990.
Langevin, Ron. Sex Offenders and Their Victims. Juniper Press,
1991.
Marshall, Dr. W.L. and Sylvia Barrett. Criminal Neglect: Why Sex
Offenders Go Free.Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1990.
Ryerse, Catherine M. National Inventory of Treatment Programs for
Child Sexual Abuse Offenders. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family
Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1993.
Project Evaluation
Roberts, Julian. Responding to Child Sexual Abuse: The Prescott Experience.
A
Final Report on the Prescott Child Sexual Abuse Project. Brockville: Children's
Services Advisory Committee, 1993.
Weiss, C. Evaluation Research: Methods for Assessing Program Effectiveness.
Englewood
Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1971.
PART 5 * WHAT WE LEARNED ABOUT PREVENTING A
CRISIS
Adkins, Elizabeth and Barry Trute. Child Sexual Abuse in Rural Community
Settings: The Implementation and Evaluation of a Coordinated Service
Model. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Child and Family Services Research
Group, 1991.
Avis, Judith Myers et al. Professional Education and Training in
Child Sexual Abuse Treatment.
[Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse
on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Bagley, Christopher and Ray Thomlison. Child Sexual Abuse: Critical
Perspectives inPrevention, Intervention and Treatment. Toronto: Wall,
1991.
Canada. Department of Health and Welfare. Child Sexual Abuse: StrengtheningCommunity
Response - Guidelines for Community Workers. [Ottawa]: Department of
Supply and Services Canada, 1989.
Canada. Department of Justice. What to do if a child tells you of
sexual abuse: Understanding the Law. [Ottawa]: Department of
justice Canada, 1989.
Council of National Youth-Serving Organizations and the Canadian Council
on Children and Youth. Put the Child First. A Handbook about Child Abuse
for Volunteers and Youth Leaders in Youth-Serving Organizations.
Ottawa:
Canadian Council on Children and Youth, 1989.
Ferguson, H. Bruce and Sandy Mendelson-Ages. Evaluating Child Sexual
Abuse Prevention Programs. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse
on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Fronczek, V. and J. Sippel. Blueprint for Child Abuse Prevention:
A Comprehensive Approach: A Handbook for Communities Taking Action to Prevent
Child Abuse. Vancouver, B.C.: Society for Children and Youth of B.C.,
no date.
Gameau, Allan. "Moratorium Needed on Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs."
The Canadian School Executive, April, 1991.
Graham, Linda and Marilyn Harris-Hart. Child Sexual Abuse Prevention
Programs: The Existing Network of Consultations, Conferences and
Meetings, Research, Studies and Resource Material.
[Ottawa]:
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare
Canada, 1988.
Hindman, Jan. Abuses to Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs ...
or
...
Ways
We Abuse OurChildren as We Attempt to Prevent Abuse.
Ontario, Oregon:
AlexAndria Associates, n.d.
Interdisciplinary Project on Domestic Violence. The Mountain and
Beyond: Resources for a Collaborative Approach to Domestic Violence.
Ottawa:
Interdisciplinary Project on Domestic Violence, January 1993.
McEvoy, Maureen. Let the Healing Begin: Breaking the Cycle of Child
Sexual Abuse in OurCommunities. Merritt, B.C.: Nicola Valley Institute
of Technology, 1990.
Nelson, Mary and Kay Clark. The Educator's Guide to Preventing Child
Sexual Abuse. Santa Cruz: Network Publications, 1986.
O'Brien, John et al, editors. What Can We Count on to Make and Keep
People Safe? Perspectives on creating effective safeguards for people with
developmental disabilities. Perspectives on Community Building Discussion
Papers. Lithonia, Georgia: Responsive Systems Associates, January 1990.
Ontario. Advisory Committee on Children's Issues. Children First.
[Toronto]:
Ministry of Community and Social Services, 1990.
Rogers, Rix. Reaching for Solutions. The Report of the Special Advisor
to the Minister ofNational Health and Welfare on Child Sexual Abuse in
Canada. [Ottawa]: Department of Supply and Services Canada, 1990.
Shannon and McCall Consulting Ltd. Child Sexual Abuse: Problems,
Perspectives andPrograms for Schools in the 1990s: A Guide for School Administrators.
Ottawa:
Canadian Association of Principals, 1991.
Spector, Esther. Frontline Tactics for the Prevention of Childhood
Sexual Abuse---Are They Working? Unpublished Applied Psychological
Comprehensive Exam, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, 1992
Torjman, Sherri. Professional Training in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention
and Treatment. [Ottawa]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence,
Department of Health and Welfare Canada, 1988.
Trute, Barry et al. Coordinating Child Sexual Abuse Services in Rural
Communities. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Vanier Institute of the Family. Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention
Programs in Canada. Ottawa: Vanier Institute of the Family, 1993.
Wurtele, Sandy and Cindy Miller-Perrin. Preventing Child Sexual Abuse:
Sharing theResponsibility. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.
Yuille, John C. Training Programs and Procedures for Interviewing
and Assessing SexuallyAbused Children: A Review and Annotated Bibliography.
[Ottawa]:
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Department of Health and Welfare
Canada, 1990.
Books for early childhood sexual health promotion and abuse prevention:
Barron's Education Series. Once Upon a Potty
Department of Justice Canada. The Secret of the Silver Horse.
Freemen, Lory. Loving Touches. Seattle: Parenting Press.
Girard, Linda Welwood. My Body is Private. Albert Whitman and
Company.
Hindman, Jan. A Very Touching Book .. For Big People and For
Little People. Boise, Idaho: AiexAndria Associates.
Murphy, Joanne Brisson. Feelings.
Pearse, Dr. Patricia. See How You Grow. Barrows Educational Series.
Stinson, Kathy. The Bare Naked Book. Toronto: Annick Press.
The following are especially helpful for communities in the process
of planning prevention strategies:
The Care for Kids Manual and Two-day Training Course is available
through the Lanark, Leeds and Grenville District Public Health Unit, 458
Laurier Blvd., Brockville, Ontario. Telephone: 613-345-5685, ext. 200.
The cost is $69.00. The manual is not available for purchase without the
course. Courses are scheduled as demand requires. Trainers are able to
accommodate a limited number of requests to present the course outside
of Lanark, Leeds and Grenville.
Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: A Resource Kit (1994) is published
by the Canadian Institute of Child Health. This invaluable kit includes
practical how-to information on understanding child sexual abuse and its
prevention, involving people in prevention programs, planning and carrying
out a program, working with parents, professionals and the media plus over
50 helpful tools and activities, 20 case studies of prevention initiatives
(including ours) and resource lists of books, programs and videos. Available
for $40 plus 10% postage and handling from: Caring Communities, 512-885
Meadowlands Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K2C 3N2. Telephone: 613-224-4l44
Useful information and resources on many aspects of child sexual
abuse and its prevention can be obtained by contacting the following:
Canadian Resource Centre on Children and Youth
a program of the Child Welfare League of Canada
180 Argyle Avenue #316
Ottawa, Ontario
K2P lB7
Telephone: 613-788-5102; Fax: 613-788-5075
The Canadian Resource Centre on Children and Youth is a non-profit
organization that collects, catalogues and disseminates information on
children and youth. It is made up of the combined resource collections
of the Canadian Council on Children and Youth, the Canadian Child Welfare
Association, the Canadian Coalition for the Rights of Children and the
Child Welfare League of Canada. The centre's extensive collection of holdings
has a strong focus on prevention and treatment programs, support services,
public awareness materials, legislative information and agency contacts.
It also has historical data on child and family violence. Materials can
be consulted on-site or written requests can be mailed or faxed to the
office. On-line access through Internet is planned for 1995.
Department of justice
Communications and Consultation Branch 239 Wellington Street
Ottawa, Ontario
KlA OH8
Telephone: 613-957-4222
The following publications, Canada's Law on Child Sexual Abuse: A
Handbook, The Secret of the Silver Horse and What to Do if a Child
Tells You of Sexual Abuse: Understanding the Law
can be obtained
free by calling the above number.
Family Service Canada
600-220 Laurier Avenue West
Ottawa, Ontario
KlP 5Z9
Telephone: 613-230-9960; Toll-free: 1-800-668-7808; Fax: 613-230-5884
With more than 100 member agencies, Family Service Canada exists to
promote families as the primary source of nurturing and development of
individuals through promoting the best possible policies and services for
families in Canada. Counselling services are not provided directly but
callers seeking assistance will be referred to the family-serving agency
closest to them.
Family Violence Program
Canadian Council on Social Development 441 Maclaren Street, 4th Floor
Ottawa, Ontario
K2P 2H3
Telephone: 613-236-8977; Fax: 613-236-2750
The Family Violence Program produces Vis-à-vis, a national
bilingual newsletter on family violence, in both print and audiotape formats,
free of charge four times a year. The program also responds to requests,
referrals, and questions from the public as well as undertaking special
projects related to family violence.
Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse 25 Spadina Road Toronto,
Ontario M5R 2S9
Telephone: 416-921-3151; Toll-free: 1-800-888-KIDZ (5430); Fax: 416-921-4997 E-mail: ipca@interlog.com
The Institute for the Prevention of Child Abuse is a nationally-focused
child abuse education and information centre. It provides programs and
services to a multidisciplinary group of professionals, community agencies,
and the public at large. IPCA offers training programs for professionals
involved in child abuse as well as expert consultation services and conferences.
It promotes and supports local and national efforts to prevent child abuse.
IPCA also publishes a wide variety of pamphlets, books and resource materials
as well as its regular newsletter,
Connection.
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence
Family Violence Prevention Division Health Canada Ottawa, Ontario KlA
lB5
Telephone:613-957-2938; Toll-free: 1-800-267-1291; Fax: 613-941-8930
TDD 613-952-6396; TDD toll-free: 1-800-561-5643
The National Clearinghouse on Family Violence is a national resource
centre for all Canadians seeking information on and solutions to violence
in the family. It houses and distributes a wide range of publications on
all aspects of this topic. You may want to find out more about the following
two helpful resources:
* Preventing Family Violence is an up-to-date guide to Canadian
videos about family violence published by the National Film Board of Canada
for the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence. Videos in the Preventing
Family Violence collection have been carefully selected and reviewed
by the professional staff of the Clearinghouse to ensure that they are
sensitive, useful, modem and relevant. Videos are listed alphabetically
under four subject headings: child abuse, child sexual abuse, wife abuse/violence
against women and elder abuse. The catalogue includes short synopses of
each video and information on how to rent or buy them. All the videos in
the collection can be rented through the National Film Board's offices.
The catalogue also lists the names and addresses of commercial distributors
from whom the videos can be purchased. For further information contact
the National Clearinghouse on Family Violence or call the National Film
Board of Canada at 1-800-267-7710.
- The Mountain and Beyond: Resources for a Collaborative Approach
to Domestic Violence. The Interdisciplinary Project on Domestic Violence
created this multi-media resource kit to promote a collaborative approach
to domestic violence. Copies can be borrowed from a number of organizations
in each province and territory. A trained facilitator may be available
to present the kit. To find out where you can obtain the kit, contact the
National Clearinghouse on Family Violence.
Ontario Medical Association
525 University Avenue, Suite 300 Toronto, Ontario
M5G 2K7
Telephone: 416-599-2580
The book, Recognition and Assessment of the Sexually Abused Child:
Guidelines for Physicians
(1990), is available for $5.00 from
the Ontario Medical Association. Contact Judy Bentham.
Vanier Institute of the Family
120 Holland Avenue Suite 300 Ottawa, Ontario
KlY OX6
Telephone: 613-722-4007; Fax: 613-729-5249
The publication, Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Programs in Canada
(1993),
is available for $12.00 from the Vanier Institute of the Family.
Glossary Of Terms
ACCUSED
A person who is charged with a crime.
AIDS TO TESTIMONY
These are means through which victims and witnesses can give testimony
without having to face the accused in open court. They include screens
and closed circuit television. A judge may allow aids to testimony if he/she
believes them necessary to obtain a "full and candid account" of the facts
from the child. These have been in use in courtrooms since the 1988 amendments
to the
Criminal Code but may not be available in all court locations.
ANATOMICALLY-DETAILED
Dolls or pictures which have genitals like those of real people.
APPREHEND
This term is used to indicate that a provincial Ministry responsible
for child welfare has taken over the care of a child from his/her parents,
usually through a designated child protection agency.
CHANGE OF VENUE TRIALS
Trials which are transferred out of the area where the crime occurred
in order to ensure that juries are unbiased.
CHARGE
A formal and specific accusation that a person has committed a crime.
COLLABORATION
Independently-run organizations working in association with others
through informal links to achieve common goals, often through personal
contacts between individuals.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL
A model for interacting with the community (for example in efforts
to promote community healing), which is based on a long-term view of change,
building on the community's strengths and involving people in decision-making
about their lives.
CONSENT
Sexual activity without consent is always a crime regardless of the
age of those involved according to the Criminal Code of Canada. Children
under 12 are never considered able to consent to sexual activity. Children
over 12 but under 14 are deemed unable to consent to sexual acts except
under specific circumstances involving sexual activity with their peers.
Young persons over 14 but under 18 are protected from sexual exploitation
and their consent is not valid if the person touching them for a sexual
purpose is in a position of trust or authority over them or if they are
in a relationship of dependency with that person.
COORDINATION
Implies the changing of relationships between organizations or parts
of organizations to harmonize goals and plans. This requires the giving
up of some ability to act unilaterally.
CORROBORATING EVIDENCE
Evidence by another witness or source that confirms or supports other
evidence of a crime.
CORROBORATION REQUIREMENT
The 1988 amendments to the Criminal Code of Canada and the Canada Evidence
Act made corroborating evidence unnecessary to support the testimony of
a child victim or witness in order to convict someone of a sexual offence.
This change acknowledged that child sexual abuse usually takes place in
private without any witnesses and often there is little physical evidence.
However, as in all criminal cases, guilt must be proved beyond a reasonable
doubt.
CRIMINAL CODE OF CANADA
The federal law that sets out most criminal offences in Canada.
CROWN ATTORNEY
The lawyer who represents the Crown (i.e. the state) in a criminal
trial. This lawyer presents evidence of the crime and tries to prove that
the accused committed the crime. This person may be referred to as the
Crown Attorney, the Crown prosecutor, Crown counsel or simply, the Crown.
DEFENCE COUNSEL
The lawyer who represents the person accused of the crime, or the defendant.
EXTRAFAMILIAL ABUSE
Abuse perpetrated by someone outside the extended family system.
FLASHBACK
A vivid reliving of sexual abuse.
HEARSAY EVIDENCE
Evidence offered by a witness about things that were not personally
observed or experienced firsthand but rather were received from another
person.
HYPER-VIGILANT
Being extremely watchful, always on the lookout for possible danger.
INCREMENTAL DISCLOSURE
A disclosure of abuse made by a child in bits and pieces over a period
of time..
INTEGRATION
The merger or amalgamation of functions between organizations, which
may consolidate management, planning, administration or services.
INTERAGENCY PROTOCOLS
Many jurisdictions now conduct child abuse investigations following
directives laid out in protocols. These are agreements entered into by
the police, child welfare authorities and provincial justice authorities
which describe the procedures to be followed, the roles and responsibilities
of each party and communication flows. Some protocols extend beyond an
investigation to cover procedures for referral to counselling, case management
and court preparation for child victims.
INTERAGENCY TEAM
A team of professionals from different disciplines or agencies working
together on common cases. For example, a team might consist of a client's
child welfare worker, therapist, teacher, doctor, etc.
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
An approach in which service providers from two or more disciplines
work together on the same cases or situations.
INTRA-AGENCY TEAM
A team of professionals from the same agency working together on common
cases.
INTRAFAMILIAL ABUSE
Abuse perpetrated by someone belonging to the extended family system,
whether or not this person is a blood relative.
INVITATION TO SEXUAL TOUCHING (crime of)
It is a crime to encourage a child under 14 to touch his or her own
body or someone else's body for a sexual purpose.
OATH
A legally binding promise to tell the truth, made by swearing on the
Bible or other religious document. A person who does not want to swear
on a religious document makes an affirmation, which is also legally binding.
Children ma testify even if the court finds that they are not able to understand
the nature of an oath or solemn affirmation. To testify, however, they
must be able to 'communicate the evidence' and must promise to tell the
truth.
PAROLE
Parole is the conditional release of an offender before a full prison
term has been served. If an offender is sentenced to prison, the length
of the term is always specified in the sentence. After serving at least
one third of the sentence, an offender can ask for parole. Conditions such
as no contact with children and regular reporting to a parole officer can
be set on the release. Violation of parole conditions can result in a return
to prison.
PRELIMINARY ENQUIRY
A hearing to determine whether there is enough evidence against an
accused for a criminal case to proceed to trial.
PUBLICATION BAN
In cases involving sexual offences, the victim, any witness under the
age of 18 or the crown prosecutor may ask for a court order prohibiting
the publication or broadcasting of any information that could reveal the
identity of the child victim or witness. Once such a request is made, the
judge must make the court order.
RECANT
Children may deny or "take back" a disclosure of sexual abuse even
after steps have been taken to bring a case to court. They may recant because
they feel guilty about causing trouble for the offender or because they
have been threatened by the offender and are afraid of the consequences
of telling. Sometimes children recant to protect others in the family.
RITUAL ABUSE
A brutal form of abuse of children, adolescents and adults, consisting
of physical, sexual and psychological abuse, and involving the use of rituals.
Ritual does not necessarily mean satanic. Ritual abuse rarely consists
of a single episode. It usually involves repeated abuse over an extended
period of time. (From the Los Angeles County Commission for Women, 1985.)
SENTENCING
After a finding of guilt, a judge must decide the punishment to be
imposed. The court is limited by the maximum penalties set out in the Criminal
Code. Using the maximum sentence as a guide, a judge can decide on
the length of the prison sentence and may take into account such factors
as the nature and gravity of the crime, the offender's age, previous criminal
record, work record and attitude during the trial. The maximum sentence
for the new sexual abuse crimes (invitation to sexual touching, touching
for a sexual purpose and sexual exploitation) is 10 years. The maximum
sentence for aggravated sexual assault is life imprisonment.
In some cases, an offender may be fined or ordered to complete a period
of probation. Conditions of probation may include participating in treatment,
performing community service work, or not associating with certain people
such as the victim. Breaking these conditions is considered a "breach"
of the probation order and is itself a criminal offence.
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION (crime of)
Children are taught to trust and respect the authority of people like
parents, teachers, coaches and babysitters. Children are often dependent
on them for support and shelter. It is a crime for a person in a
position of trust or authority over a person 14 years of age but under
18, or a person upon whom a child in this age group is dependent, to engage
in sexual activity with the young person.
SEXUAL INTERFERENCE (crime of)
It is a crime for anyone to touch a young person under 14 against his
or her will for a sexual purpose.
STANDARD OF PROOF
The minimal level of proof required to find a person guilty in a criminal
trial or to reach a finding that the plaintiff's claim is justified in
a civil trial. The standard of proof is higher in a criminal trial. To
find an accused guilty, the judge or jury must be convinced "beyond a reasonable
doubt" that the accused committed the crime. In a civil trial, such as
family court, proof must be made on a balance of probabilities. The court
must find that it is more likely than not that something happened. Because
of different standards of proof, sometimes a provincial or territorial
family court may make a finding that a child is "in need of protection"
and may issue an order to protect the child, even though the accused person
is acquitted of the charges in criminal court.
VICTIM IMPACT STATEMENT
A written statement describing the harm done to the victim as a result
of the crime. A victim impact statement may be taken into account in a
court's sentencing decision.
VICTIM/WITNESS PREPARATION
A process to support and prepare victims and witnesses for the court
experience. This can include informing them about court procedures, the
roles of key people, and legal terms and concepts, as well as providing
the Crown with information pertaining to victims and witnesses.
VIDEOTAPED EVIDENCE
During a child sexual abuse trial, evidence of the alleged crime is
presented to the court. 1988 amendments to the Criminal Code made
it possible to present a videotape of an interview with the child victim
made by the police or child protection agency during the investigation
as part of the evidence. Videotaping a child's evidence early in the investigation
can reduce the necessity for children to repeat their story many times.
However, a child must still testify at the trial to confirm the contents
of the videotape.
YOUNG OFFENDER
Young persons who are suspected of having committed sexual crimes against
children can be charged with an offence as described in the Criminal
Code, but they will be dealt with under the provisions of the Young
Offenders Act. This law applies to young persons who commit crimes
and defines a 'young person' as someone 12 years of age or more but who
has not yet turned 18.
THE PAIN OF ABUSE
(By Emily, 16-year-old survivor of sexual abuse)
There are many different kinds of abuse,
There's people who don't care which one they
use.
Physical abuse is when someone punches you,
While sexual abuse is when someone fondles you.
Emotional abuse is when someone plays with your
mind.
Verbal abuse is when mean words are thrown in
behind.
No matter what kind of abuse is used,
It stays within us just like the news.
It travels with us from year to year,
It brings along the frightening fear.
It's hard for us to have to cope.
We try our hardest not to lose hope.
It's hard to forget what you've been through,
Especially if it's someone close to you.
No matter how much you care for them,
Remember how much they've put you through.
When someone hurts you really bad,
You have the right to get angry or mad.
Love comes second but you come first,.
But do the right thing before it gets worse.
Hurt is something you can share,
Because there's people who really care.
You need the courage to let it out,
And when you do, you may have doubts.
This may be true, but keep in mind,
You want to do what's best for you.
There's many resources there for you,
Don't be afraid to follow through.
They're there to listen and help you out.
They're there to support you without any doubt.
You may feel like you're falling apart,
It's probably because of the hurt in your heart.
When you've gone through so much pain,
You feel like you're going insane.
Don't be afraid to speak your mind,
Because there are solutions that you will find.
You can release your feelings whenever you want,
Only if you feel like you can trust.
Anything you say will be confidential,
So don't worry about it being spread about.
It won't go here, it won't go there,
You won't be laughed at because they care.
They won't release any information,
Unless you give them full permission.
If confidentiality is not respected,
You have the right to investigate it.
The victim's the person who lives in fear,
We always think the abuser is near.
It's hard to have to face the pain,
It's like you're pulling a heavy train.
It's very scary when flashbacks appear,
Our eyes get watery and our heart fills with
fear.
To make it easier on ourselves,
Let's place the problem on the shelf.
The biggest step is bringing it out,
I know for sure you will have doubts.
Just take your time and pick the pace,
It's not a contest, it's not a race.
It feels much better when it's in the open,
Because we've told and there's people to help
us.
We no longer have to carry the secrets inside,
We've gone through enough, so it's okay to cry.
We no longer have to keep it inside,
Just split it in half, and take your time.
Let others, for a change, help us face the pain,
It's now our turn to unlock the chain.
Things may seem like they're getting worse,
But iii order to heal, that's how things start
off first.
Things will get better, as you deal with the past,
As long as you talk and give it a chance.
When it's time to appear in court,
just tell your story and kick the fort.
It's very frightening to face the abuser,
But keep in mind how much he's hurt you.
It's now our turn to take control,
Let's lift ourselves from the deepest hole.
We have the power and control to win,
Let's tell our story from beginning to end.
If the abuser is set free on bail,
We tried our best to put him in jail.
We have won no matter what,
Because we told and brought things out.
If people don't want to believe what they have
heard,
It's probably because they haven't been hurt.
Let them believe whatever they want,
Because we, the victims, know that it happened.
There's only two people who know the truth,
And that's the victim and the abuser.
We've told our story from beginning to end,
So never again, will it happen again.
If the abuser goes free, it won't be fair,
He'll probably do it again without any care.
The abusers belong in jail and not set free,
Without any bail and without any fees.
They've taken our childhood away from us,
And should be punished for the pain they have
caused.
The healing of the abuse takes quite awhile,
It never disappears, it's like a mile.
It takes awhile before you feel good,
But give yourself time in order to heal.
You have to give yourself a fair chance,
'Cause if you don't, things will be a mess.
Another thing to keep in mind,
By speaking out, people are now aware,
It takes awhile to realize,
That in the end, it's not your fault.
Emily is a pseudonym
CLOSING MESSAGE
While it is critical to continue to advocate for a shift in governmental
and social priorities that will direct more funds to the serious problem
of child sexual abuse, we must also consider how to better use the scarce
resources we do have to tackle the problem at its roots.
At the same time as we commit to caring for all victims of child
sexual abuse and ensuring that all perpetrators are held accountable for
their actions, we must engage our minds and our hearts in an even more
daunting project -- the struggle to transform our society into one in which
each child is valued, respected, nurtured and protected, and crimes against
children are unheard of.
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