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Colorectal
Cancer - Cancer
Data
definitions, limitations & uses • Data Sources
Colorectal
cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality in
Ontario. In 1998, CRC ranked as the second leading
cause of cancer deaths. Observational studies have
defined a number of modifiable risk factors for
CRC, including diets high in saturated fat, low in
vegetables, low in high-fiber grains and physical
inactivity. Approximately one-half of CRC has been
attributed to diet.
Colorectal cancer is the third most
common cancer site, behind lung and prostate in
males and lung and breast in females. In 1998,
Cancer Care Ontario estimated that CRC made up
11.9% of all cancers for women and 14.2% for men.
For most age groups, the number of cases and
deaths in men exceeds that in women. The incidence
(new cases) of CRC does not start to rise until
after age 40-45; then mortality rates increase
rapidly after age 55.
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In Leeds Grenville and Lanark (LGL), CRC
accounted for 6% of all new male cancers and 4% of
all new female cancers in 1995. The rate of new
CRCs between 1992-1995 fell to 35.8 cases per
100,000 men, and 22.6 cases per 100,000 women,
from rates that were twice as high between
1986-1991 (see
figure 1).
Furthermore, when new cases of CRC in LGL are
compared to those in Ontario, rates in LGL are
significantly lower in both males (see figure 2) and
females (see
figure 3).
Despite
the large decreases in the incidence rates of
colorectal cancer, mortality from the disease has
reduced at a much slower rate. Since 1981 mortality due to
colorectal cancer has decreased by about 22% compared to the 62% decrease in
incidence (see figure 4). Despite the decrease in mortality
from colorectal cancer in LGL, mortality rates are
very similar to those among all residents in
Ontario (see
figure 5).
Data definitions, limitations
& uses
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)
Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR)
Age-Standardized Mortality Rate
Total (Crude) Death Rate
Cervical Cancer Screening Rate
Data Sources
Ontario Health Survey 1996
Ontario Cancer Incidence Database
Population Estimates Database
Ontario Mortality Database
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